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The Florida law (SB-919) known as the “Homeowners’ Association Bill of Rights” took effect on October 1st, 2023

The Florida law (SB-919) known as the “Homeowners’ Association Bill of Rights” took effect on October 1st, 2023

The Florida law known as the “Homeowners’ Association Bill of Rights” took effect on October 1st. 2023 (SB 919)

MIAMI – The Florida law known as the “Homeowners’ Association Bill of Rights” took effect on October 1st.

It revises the requirements for the governance and regulation of homeowners’ associations to:

  • Require all notices for homeowners’ association board meetings to specifically identify the agenda items for the meetings;
  • Revise the requirements for the association’s use of a member’s e-mail to send notices, including allowing a member to designate an address different than the property address for all required notices;
  • Require that, if a homeowners’ association collects a deposit from a member for any reason, including to pay for expenses that may be incurred as a result of construction on a member’s parcel or other reason for such deposit, such funds must not be co-mingled with any other association funds, the member may request an accounting of such funds, and the association must remit payment of unused funds within 30 days after completion;
  • Provide that an officer, director, or manager who accepts kickbacks is subject to monetary damages under s. 617.0834, F.S., relating to the conditions imposing civil liability on the officers and directors of corporations and associations not for profit;
  • Provide that an officer or director must be removed from office, and their access to official records denied, if charged with the crimes of forgery of a ballot envelope or voting certificate used in a homeowners’ association election, theft or embezzlement of association funds, destruction of or refusing to allow inspection of association records, if such records are accessible by association members, in furtherance of any crime; or obstruction of justice;
  • Require directors and officers of an association, including a developer-controlled association, to disclose specified activities which may pose a conflict of interest;
  • Clarify that a developer’s appointment of an officer or director does not create a presumption that the officer or director has a conflict of interest with regard to the performance of his or her official duties;
  • Revise the notice requirements for imposing and collecting fines, including providing members notice of how to cure a violation, if applicable; and
  • Provide criminal prohibitions related to fraudulent voting activities that are punishable as first degree misdemeanors, including preventing members from voting, and menacing, threatening, or using bribery to directly or indirectly influence or deter a member from voting

 

We are sure there will be more to come, as the State’s changes to the Law slimmed down the original Law and added to the original law.

SFPMA and Our Legal Members.  October 1, 2023

 

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FLORIDA’S NEW “LIVE LOCAL” ACT By Eric Glazer, Esq.

FLORIDA’S NEW “LIVE LOCAL” ACT By Eric Glazer, Esq.

FLORIDA’S NEW “LIVE LOCAL” ACT

By Eric Glazer, Esq.

Here’s a new law that is already causing chaos in our communities.  As many of us are unfortunately already learning, there is a lack of affordable housing in our state.  In order to combat this problem, The Florida Legislature passed a new law.

The Live Local Act is a new Florida law that was designed to increase affordable housing development. The nearly 100-page piece of legislation allocates up to $811 million for affordable housing programs. It also carves out a variety of tax incentives, land-use policies and other strategic initiatives to encourage developers to build more affordable housing in the state.  Among them is a provision that modifies the approval process for new housing developments by requiring local governments to relinquish control of several zoning and land-use regulations.

Although I have not had the time to review the new law, it appears that the major problem with the new rules is that apparently, local officials are preempted from weighing in on zoning, density and height restrictions for eligible developments. Qualifying projects are defined as any residential housing project on commercial, industrial or mixed-use land that allocates at least 40 percent of units to be affordable for residents earning up to 120% of the area median income.

Think about this for a moment.  Think about a piece of land in your community that is commercial, industrial or mixed use and that is only a story or two tall.  Think about the fact that your local zoning laws require the structure to remain only a story or two tall.  Now think about throwing those height restrictions in the garbage, and instead allowing a developer to build affordable housing that is 30 stories tall on all of these properties, and nobody in your community has the power to stop it.  That’s the position that developers are certainly taking.

All of your local laws regarding height and density would be pre-empted by this new law and affordable housing, as tall as can be, would be the new law of the land.  Cities like Doral and Miami Beach are already fighting back.  No doubt that the courts will have to weigh in on this one.

Should the State of Florida be allowed to make a law that pre-empts your local zoning code and instead allow affordable housing to be built on any commercial, industrial or mixed-use property, without any restriction regarding density or height?  Seems scary to me.

 

 

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OWE MONEY? YOU MAY NOT BE ALLOWED TO RUN FOR THE BOARD By Eric Glazer, Esq.

OWE MONEY? YOU MAY NOT BE ALLOWED TO RUN FOR THE BOARD By Eric Glazer, Esq.

OWE MONEY?  YOU MAY NOT BE ALLOWED TO RUN FOR THE BOARD

By Eric Glazer, Esq.

I feel like I handled a thousand annual meetings in the last month, flying from one to the other.  When running the meetings, and depending upon whether the association is a condominium or HOA, it is important to know if the person running for the board, or even the winner of the election, is eligible to serve because they owe money to the association.

Let’s start with condominiums first, Florida Statute 718.112 (2)(d) states:

A person who has been suspended or removed by the division under this chapter, or who is delinquent in the payment of any assessment due to the association, is not eligible to be a candidate for board membership and may not be listed on the ballot.

So, in a condominium, the person’s eligibility to run and initially serve on the board is decided when the owner submits their notice to be a candidate, and that is no less than 40 days before the election.  If at that time,  the owner is delinquent in any assessment their name cannot be printed on the ballot and sent to the unit owners.  On the night of the election the association need not worry if anyone is delinquent and cannot serve because their name was already excluded from the ballot.

The law in a Florida HOA is much different.  Florida Statute 720.306(9)(b) states:

A person who is delinquent in the payment of any fee, fine, or other monetary obligation to the association on the day that he or she could last nominate himself or herself or be nominated for the board may not seek election to the board, and his or her name shall not be listed on the ballot. 

Lots of differences between the two statutes here.  In a condominium, you can only be prevented from being placed on the ballot if you owe an assessment.  In an HOA, your name can be prevented from being placed on the ballot if you owe any fee, fine or other monetary obligation to the association; a far more restrictive provision in an HOA.

In addition, remember that in most HOAs, nominations are taken from the floor on the night of the election.  That is the “day that he or she could last nominate himself or herself or be nominated for the board.”  Therefore, on the night of the election, we need to know if any of the proposed nominees owe any fee, fine or other monetary obligation.  If so, their name cannot be accepted into nomination.  They cannot run.

ONCE A DIRECTOR BECOMES 90 DAYS DELINQUENT

The Condominium Act states:

718.112: Director or officer delinquencies.—A director or officer more than 90 days delinquent in the payment of any monetary obligation due the association shall be deemed to have abandoned the office, creating a vacancy in the office to be filled according to law.

The Homeowners Association Act states:

720.306(9)(b) A person serving as a board member who becomes more than 90 days delinquent in the payment of any fee, fine, or other monetary obligation to the association shall be deemed to have abandoned his or her seat on the board, creating a vacancy on the board to be filled according to law.

 

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Legal Morsel by Robert Kaye: “Federal Court Identifies Potential Collection Issue for Community Associations in Florida”.

Legal Morsel by Robert Kaye: “Federal Court Identifies Potential Collection Issue for Community Associations in Florida”.

Federal Court Identifies Potential Collection Issue for Community Associations in Florida

Community association operations rely upon the timely and full payment of all assessments by all of the owners. One of the mechanisms that Florida law provides to put associations in a stronger position when an owner becomes delinquent is the “secured interest” of the association in the unpaid assessments by way of its ongoing lien against the unit or lot for the unpaid assessments. This secured interest puts the claim of the association at a higher priority than most other claims, other than a first mortgage or unpaid property taxes. However, a recent decision in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Florida, In re: Adam, Case No.: 22-10140-MAM, September 23, 2022, has cast a potential cloud on that secured interest.

In the In re Adam case, the Association previously obtained a judgment of foreclosure for over $76,000, which was considered as a secured interest by the Court.  The Association was also claiming an additional $36,558 which came due after the judgment was entered.  The owners were asking the Court to decide that the $36,000 was not secured and therefore uncollectible in the bankruptcy (or at least not fully collectible).

In deciding whether certain association claims were secured and collectible in the bankruptcy setting, the Court undertook an analysis of Florida law on the subject.  The Court noted that both the Florida Condominium Act (Chapter 718 F.S.) and the Homeowner’s Association Act (Chapter 720 F.S.) currently contain express provisions that identify that the lien of the association is effective from the original recording of the declaration (with the added requirement in HOA’s that the declaration specifically expresses this lien right).  However, the Court also points out that the Condominium Act was amended in 1992 to provide for this effective date.  (The Homeowner’s Association Act was amended to provide for it in 2008.)  Prior to these amendments, these Statutes provided for the effective date of the lien to be when it was recorded in the public records of the county.  The analysis of the Court required it to consider whether the current version of the Statute applies to the situation or whether an earlier version of the Statute is the controlling authority.  (This case involved a condominium so only the Condominium Act was considered in the decision.)

To make that determination, the Court applied the principles of the seminal case of Kaufman v. Shere, 347 So.2d 627 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977), which require declarations to contain the specific phrase “as amended from time to time” when identifying the Statute that governs the documents in order for the current version of the Statute to apply.  This is because Statutes are not retroactive in their application unless the legislature expressly makes them so in the Statute itself.  Both the U.S. and Florida Constitutions do not allow for the State to make a law that infringes upon the vested rights in an existing contract (which would be the declaration).  As a result, the contract (declaration) would need to have the specific “as amended from time to time” language (often called “Kaufman” language) to automatically incorporate changes to the Statute that is not otherwise retroactive.

When the Court reviewed the governing documents, it noted that they were from 1987 and did not have the Kaufman language.  As such, the Court held that the provisions of the declaration were the same as the Statute in 1987, which provided that the lien was effective only upon being recorded in the public records of the county.  Since the Association did not file another lien for the amount being claimed subsequent to the foreclosure judgment, the Court concluded that this portion was not secured.  In the bankruptcy setting, this meant that the Association would likely be unable to recover most, if not all of this claim from the Debtors, Mr. and Ms. Adam.

While this issue may be most relevant to associations when dealing with a case in bankruptcy, it is possible that it could also be raised in state court foreclosure cases under certain circumstances.  It is also important to note that this Bankruptcy Court did not include a significant issue in the analysis regarding the Statute at issue, that being whether or not the statutory provision was “substantive” or “procedural”, as those terms apply to this situation, which could have led to a different result.  (This portion of the legal analysis is quite technical and beyond the scope of this article.)

For communities whose declarations were recorded prior to the statutory changes described above, the first step in protecting the interests of the association is to review the documents to determine whether Kaufman language is already in them.  If not, the board may wish to consider proposing an amendment to the owners to change the documents to include this language, if not for the entire declaration, then at least for the timing of the effectiveness of the lien of the association.  Having qualified legal counsel review these issues in the documents is a strong business practice.

 

 

Kaye Bender Rembaum is a full service commercial law firm devoted to the representation of community associations throughout Florida. Under the direction of attorneys Robert L. Kaye, Esq., Michael S. Bender, Esq., and Jeffrey A. Rembaum, Esq. Kaye Bender Rembaum is dedicated to providing clients with an unparalleled level of personalized and professional service regardless of their size and takes into account their individual needs and financial concerns. Most of our attorneys are Board Certified in Condominium and Planned Development Law. The associates of Kaye Bender Rembaum establish relationships with clients to understand their needs and goals. Kaye Bender Rembaum assists clients in all matters of Association representation including, but not limited to, collection of assessments, contract negotiation, covenant review and amendment, covenant enforcement and construction defect claims. Kaye Bender Rembaum also keeps clients up-to-date on new developments in the law and how they are personally affected by them. Kaye Bender Rembaum provides prompt, effective, high quality, cost-efficient and understandable legal advice and services to a diverse client base. Associates strive to help clients operate and administer their communities better and to educate them on their responsibilities and duties under Florida law and their governing community documents. Robert Kaye, Michael Bender and Jeff Rembaum are industry leaders who are often sought out by public policy makers and the media for advice and commentary on community association law. Offices in Broward, Palm Beach, Orange and Hillsborough Counties, as well as Miami-Dade by appointment. The information you obtain at this site is not, nor is it intended to be, legal advice. You should consult an attorney for individual advice regarding your own situation. Thank you for your interest in Kaye Bender Rembaum.

Website
https://kbrlegal.com/
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As with each year, we hope for a season with no hurricanes coming our way. However, it is safe to expect that there may be at least one such event in the coming months and, at the start of the hurricane season, it is prudent to plan for that possibility.

As with each year, we hope for a season with no hurricanes coming our way. However, it is safe to expect that there may be at least one such event in the coming months and, at the start of the hurricane season, it is prudent to plan for that possibility.

If the Board desires additional information and contact information for obtaining the free inspection and analysis of the condition of the community, please contact Kaye Bender Rembaum.  The Firm wishes all a safe and peaceful hurricane season!

 Some of the planning steps that should be considered include the following:

  1. Create a Disaster Plan and establish off-site contact information and meeting points.
  2. Establish Evacuation Routes and conduct building or community evacuation drills in the weeks leading up to and once the hurricane season has begun.
  3. Verify Emergency Generators & Supplies operate and that fuel, flashlights, batteries, water and other necessities are available.
  4. Backup Computer Files and store information offsite, in case computers crash or systems fail.
  5. Secure the Premises – Make preparations for routine lockdown of the building(s) or other facilities as a storm approaches, so the building(s) is(are) secure during the storm and safe from vandalism or looting if a hurricane strikes.
  6. List of Owners & Employees – Have on hand a current, hard-copy reference list complete with the names of all property owners, emergency contact numbers and details of second residence addresses, as well as a list of all association employees, with full contact details.
  7. Photograph or Video Premises – Keep a visual record through video or photographs of premises, facilities and buildings to facilitate damage assessment and speed damage claims in a storm aftermath.  Consider having the premises evaluated by appropriate professionals to establish the conditions prior to any hurricane event. (see further details on this item below)
  8. Building and Facilities Plans – Make sure a complete set of building or community plans are readily available for consultation by first-responders, utilities workers and insurance adjusters following a storm.
  9. Insurance Policies & Agent Details – Be sure all insurance policies are current and coverage is adequate for community property, facilities and common areas and compliant with State Law; full contact details for insurance companies and agents should be readily available in the event of a storm.
  10. Bank Account Details & Signatories – Keep handy a list of all bank account numbers, branch locations and authorized association signatories, and make contingency plans for back-up signatories in case evacuation or relocation becomes necessary.
  11. Mitigation of Damages – In the immediate aftermath of a storm, take the necessary steps to mitigate damages – this includes “Drying-In,” which is the placement of tarps on openings in the roof and plywood over blown out doors and windows, and “Drying-Out,” which is the removal of wet carpet and drywall to prevent the growth of mold.
  12. Debris Removal – Have a plan for speedy removal of debris by maintenance staff, outside contractors or civic public works employees, should a hurricane topple trees and leave debris in its wake.

With respect to item 7 above, Kaye Bender Rembaum has become aware of at least one service provider that will bring in engineering professionals to make a physical inspection of the entire community to assess the conditions and establish a record for all such conditions prior to any storm.  The assessment will also identify conditions that may have resulted from Hurricane Irma from 2017, for which claims were not made or even found and may still be claimed.  In many instances, conditions of significant damage may not be readily apparent to the layperson, but to a qualified professional, very obvious.  Quite often, such an inspection can result in substantial additional insurance claims for the association to recover.  It is not unusual for an insurance carrier to reject initial claims following a major storm, citing to maintenance or pre-existing conditions as the basis for the denial.  The team of experts performing the assessment has assisted several communities overcome such rejections and ultimately receive additional settlement proceeds to make further repairs to the premises.  While there is no guaranty of such a result, without making such an assessment, the board will never know and certainly have no further recovery.  Most importantly, this inspection and assessment is undertaken at no charge to the association by this company, and with no obligation to the association!

 

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Hurricane Preparedness and Recovery Guide by Becker and Association Adjusting

Hurricane Preparedness and Recovery Guide by Becker and Association Adjusting

Hurricane Preparedness and Recovery Guide

by Becker and Association Adjusting

The State of Florida is no stranger to hurricanes and other natural disasters.

Living in paradise doesn’t come without some risks associated with Mother Nature. The question is never just if our communities, homes and families will be impacted by a windstorm event, but when they will, and how we will prepare for and recover from that event.

In addition to our in-house legal services, Becker owns and operates Association Adjusting, a licensed and insured public adjusting firm led by Joseph “Joe Connelly (#E157037). Mr. Connelly has served as Executive Board Officer for the Florida Association of Public Adjusters (FAPIA).

Recognized as an authority in the community association industry, Association Adjusting has the expertise and experience to help community associations achieve the most favorable outcome possible. Our team of public adjusters, led by Mr. Connelly, provides clients with only the highest level of professionalism and excellence – whether you’re dealing with a claim that stems from hurricane damage, water damage, theft, fire, mold, roof leak, or any other type of calamity, our singular goal is to ensure your interests are always protected.

The first step toward developing and implementing a disaster plan is identifying the potential consequences of a disaster. The second step is to develop and implement a plan to mitigate the impact of a disaster to the fullest extent possible.

Click here to read more!

Disaster Resources & Links

Federal Emergency Management Agency for federal disaster response and recovery information

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for information about federal flood insurance

Home Inventory Checklist

Information about Flood Insurance

Flood Insurance Writers

Flood Resources: National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
Contact Information: Phone: 1-888-FLOOD29 or 1-888-356-6329

Flood Claims Process

Filing a Flood Insurance Claim

Premium Discounts for Hurricane Loss Mitigation

Notice of Premium Discounts for Hurricane Loss Mitigation

Uniform Mitigation Verification Inspection Form

Homeowners insurance toolkit

Are you prepared for Hurricane Season?

Preparing for Natural Disasters, and Recovering from them

Disaster Preparedness at Home: Filter Out the Damage

Disaster Prep & Self Storage – What You Need to Know

PA DMV Emergency Driving Tips

Emergency Preparedness for People Requiring Special Assistance

Humane Society – Protect Your Pets

DISCLAIMER

Becker provides access to information on this website page as a public service. Although reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that all electronic information made available is current, complete and accurate, Becker does not warrant or represent that this information is current, complete and accurate. All information is subject to change on a regular basis, without notice. Becker assumes no responsibility for any errors in the information provided, nor assumes any liability for any damages incurred as a consequence, directly or indirectly, of the use and application of any of the contents of the website page. The inclusion of, or linking to, other website URLs does not imply our endorsement of, nor responsibility for, those web sites, but has been done as a convenience to our website visitors.

 

 

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Did you know? Transactional law involves drafting and negotiating contracts to protect your interests. Learn more about this essential legal service at Katzman Chandler.

Did you know? Transactional law involves drafting and negotiating contracts to protect your interests. Learn more about this essential legal service at Katzman Chandler.

  • Posted: Aug 22, 2023
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Transactional Services with Katzman Chandler

The team’s decades of combined legal experience provide the Katzman Chandler family of clients with cutting edge solutions to routine issues, as well as novel and/or complex legal matters faced by our Community Association clients and their voluntary Boards of Directors.

Our Transactional Attorneys are often relied upon by the media, as well as public policy makers, to sort out issues relating to the Community Association lifestyle. Each member of the Transactional Team brings a unique skill set and perspective to this diverse practice and understands how best to assist Boards in functioning in an age of ever growing state regulation and changing legal requirements.

Our Transactional Legal Services for Associations involve a combination of several specialty areas including, but not limited to, Real Property Law, Corporate Law, Litigation, Contract Law, and Insurance Law. Whether we are reviewing your contracts, amending your documents, rendering a bank loan opinion or enforcing your Community’s covenants against violators; our ultimate goal remains the same – to deliver information, counsel and answers in an easy to understand format with personalized service and attention to detail that you can rely on time and again.

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BOARD MEMBERS BETTER BE CAREFUL By Eric Glazer, Esq.

BOARD MEMBERS BETTER BE CAREFUL By Eric Glazer, Esq.

  • Posted: Aug 22, 2023
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BOARD MEMBERS BETTER BE CAREFUL

By Eric Glazer, Esq.

Board members I’m telling you now……..be careful.  I’m seeing it already.  Unit owners are starting to freak out over the passage of huge assessments to cover the costs of mandatory inspections, mandatory repairs and massive increases in insurance rates.

As we know, we’re not talking about pesky increases to the monthly cost of living in your home.  We are talking about increases that will cause many to no longer be able to afford to live in their home at all.  We are talking about increases that will force people to sell and no longer live in the condominium that they have lived in for perhaps decades.

Notwithstanding the fact that none of these increases are the result of anything the Board members did or didn’t do, board members know who is likely to be blamed for this financial disaster many unit owners find themselves in ——the Board members.  So what else is new?

Board members are used to being blamed when things go wrong even though it’s not their fault.  That comes with the territory.  They get yelled and screamed at, the meeting ends and then it’s usually over.  Maybe there’s some nasty e-mail that float around the community.  This time it’s different.

Even if unit owners come to the realization and accept that they can’t afford to live in the condo any longer, the question is….so where can they go?  Every condo seems to be in the same shape.  Or if owners choose to move to a place that’s simply newer and not yet required to perform these inspections and repairs, you can bet they cost a lot more money than where they currently live.  There’s simply no place to turn to.

When there is desperation and fear, people become irrational and often times violent and that is why I honestly fear for the safety of condominium board members throughout the state.  This is not a knock on the millions of law abiding condominium owners throughout the state.  They  were thrown into this position because The Florida Legislature failed all of you.  Instead of always requiring condominium owners to put away money for a rainy day, The Florida Legislature cow-towed to the whims of developers, law firms and other special interest groups who always lobbied against mandatory reserves.  The only reason why mandatory reserves are now required is because 98 innocent men, women and children died at The Champlain Towers in Surfside as a result of not having nearly enough money on hand to make obviously needed structural repairs in their condominium.

So Board members……….you didn’t volunteer in your community to get punched out or worse at your board meetings.  My advice is….when you know you’re about to pass a special assessment at a meeting, and at that meeting people are going to be going crazy……protect yourselves.  Make sure there are police or at least security at the meeting.  Better be safe than sorry.

 

WE WILL TAKE YOUR CALLS AND ANSWER YOUR CONDO AND HOA QUESTIONS THROUGHOUT THE HOUR. CALL US AT 877-850-8585 DURING THE SHOW.

 

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August 24th at 12 Noon Est, Allison Hertz, Esq., BCS will teach “Conflicts of Interest: What You Need to Know” in this webinar

August 24th at 12 Noon Est, Allison Hertz, Esq., BCS will teach “Conflicts of Interest: What You Need to Know” in this webinar

  • Posted: Aug 22, 2023
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On August 24th at 12 Noon  (Webinar)

Est, Allison Hertz, Esq., BCS of KBRLegal will teach “Conflicts of Interest: What You Need to Know”

this webinar hosted by GRS Community Management. It’s free to enroll and happens via Zoom.

Click the link to RSVP:  

Course provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum. Course# 9630141 | Provider# 0005092 | 1 CEU in HR or ELE Instructor: Allison L. Hertz, Esq. BCS Attendees will learn to identify potential conflicts of interest (plus definitions), how to document disclosures, internal controls and training staff, directors and officers, new statutory requirements and penalties and best practices for associations.
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REMBAUM’S ASSOCIATION ROUNDUP | The Community Association Legal News You Can Use

REMBAUM’S ASSOCIATION ROUNDUP | The Community Association Legal News You Can Use

  • Posted: Aug 14, 2023
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Jeffrey Rembaum, Esq. is a  Board Certified Specialist in Condominium and Planned Development Law and a community association lawyer with the law firm Kaye Bender Rembaum, in its Palm Beach Gardens office. His law practice consists of representing condominium, homeowners, and cooperative associations, developers and unit owners throughout Florida. He can be reached by email at JRembaum@KBRLegal.com or by calling 561-241-4462.

Guns in the Clubhouse: What Can a Community Association Do?

The right of the people to carry and bear arms without governmental infringement is a right which stems from both the United States Constitution and the Constitution of the State of Florida. The State of Florida recently adopted new gun legislation, effective July 1, 2023, which allows the everyday citizen to carry a concealed weapon without first obtaining a concealed weapons permit. This raises interesting questions for community associations such as, is the right to carry a concealed weapon absolute? Can a community association adopt a rule that prohibits the carrying of concealed weapons in the clubhouse or other common area facilities?

Before we get too far in our analysis, it is important to point out that the intent of this article is not to advocate for gun control or the right to carry. Rather, the intent of this article is to examine the rulemaking authority of a board of directors of a community association to prohibit concealed weapons in the clubhouse and other common areas. In short, is it possible for a community association to adopt such a rule? Yes, subject to the cautions and explanations explained below. Is the adoption of such a rule risk free? No!

As the starting point, in order for a board-made rule of this nature to have validity, we must examine whether it violates either the United States Constitution or the Constitution of the State of Florida. As to when constitutional protections apply within a community association, this is an interesting question. In prior cases, courts have found that recorded covenants restricting home ownership based on race will subject the covenants to a constitutional examination, and in the end, such covenants were deemed to violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Another method by which courts may find application of constitutional protections to community associations is if there is significant governmental action associated with the community association. For example, an argument would exist that if a community association were built with federal monies, the covenants of such a community association would be subject to all the protections afforded by both the United States Constitution and the Constitution of the State of Florida. Often, multiple community associations that exist within a sprawling master association are built in community development districts (CDD). The CDD is a quasi-governmental entity established to govern and control what would otherwise be the common areas of the master association. The creation of the CDD allows many of the hard costs associated with the community’s build-out, such as the roads and drainage systems, to be immediately passed on to the first-time home buyers. By utilizing a CDD, long-term bonds can be issued, which are paid back through ad valorem tax obligations allowing the costs to spread out over a significantly longer period of time. As quasi-governmental entities, constitutional protections which limit powers of government would likely apply to CDDs. Therefore, should a CDD adopt rules to prohibit concealed weapons in the common areas, such a rule would likely be found to violate constitutional protections. However, the same analysis is not applicable if the community association itself adopted such a rule.

It should be remembered that courts have long held that owners give up certain individual rights and liberties when living in a community controlled by a community association. In 2002 the Florida Supreme Court held, in Woodside Village v. Jahren, 806 So. 2d 452 (Fla. 2002), that certain individual rights must be compromised when one chooses to live in a condominium association (and by analogy, in a homeowners’ association, too). But, on occasion courts have found that certain constitutional protections apply within a community association; however, such application is somewhat rare.

Thankfully, we do have some limited guidance. In 1989 the Florida Supreme Court held, in Quail Creek POA v. Hunter, 538 So. 2d 1288 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989), that neither a homeowners’ association’s recording of its covenants in the public records, nor the enforcement of its covenants in state court, created a sufficient nexus to evidence “state action” such that the First Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution would apply. By analogy, such logic could be applied to defending the right of a community association to adopt a rule prohibiting concealed weapons in the clubhouse. Thus, there is no reason to believe that such arguments would not also apply to the application of the Second Amendment of the United States Constitution within community associations. That said, it would not at all be surprising for an owner to challenge such a rule; so, any association that adopts such a rule should be prepared to be a possible test case, which could have national implications associated with it.

Let us assume that the board understands and accepts such a risk and is ready to move forward to adopt a rule prohibiting the carry of concealed weapons in the clubhouse. Certainly, we recommend that counsel for the association be consulted prior to adopting these types of rules. For the purposes of our analysis, let us also assume that the community association at issue does not have a sufficient nexus to the federal or state governments that would, in and of itself, render such a rule unconstitutional. Under these circumstances, the analysis can then shift to the ordinary rulemaking criteria necessary to withstand judicial challenge, as follows:

      1. Does the board have the necessary rulemaking authority set out in the governing documents or by statute to adopt such a rule?
      2. Does the rule conflict with any rights afforded by governing documents of higher priority, whether they are considered express or implied rights?
      3. Is the rule reasonable? Reasonableness is difficult to define, but case law provides that the rule must be rationally related to a legitimate association objective. The rule cannot be arbitrary or capricious.
      4. Does the rule contravene existing laws or compelling public policies?
      5. Was the rule adopted in a procedurally correct manner that is provided by both the governing documents and existing law?

Of course, even if the association adopts such a rule, enforceability is an entirely different issue. Assuming the association is not using some type of full body scanner, then so long as the possessor of the concealed weapon does not brandish the weapon, and thus it remains fully concealed, no one will be the wiser. In addition, such a rule would not apply to certain individuals who have an absolute right to carry a concealed weapon, subject to very few limitations, such as an off-duty police officer.

As an aside, just because a person may not need to have a concealed weapon permit to carry a concealed weapon, this does not mean that the still-available concealed weapon permit does not have value. It certainly does when it comes to traveling outside the State of Florida to one of the many states, over 26, that have reciprocity with Florida, meaning that the other states recognize Florida’s concealed weapons permit. With that in mind, obtaining a concealed weapons permit may still make sense.

While a properly drafted rule prohibiting guns in the clubhouse stands a decent chance of validity, remember that even if your association

i) fully analyzes whether it has any type of federal governmental nexus which would provide for clear application of constitutional protections and such analysis is answered in the negative, ii) meets the rule adoption criteria listed above, and iii) consults with the association’s lawyer who helps draft such a rule, the association could still find itself as a defendant in a lawsuit seeking to have such a rule invalidated by the court.

Having an Enrolled Agent (EA) can benefit you in several ways, especially when it comes to your tax-related matters.

Having an Enrolled Agent (EA) can benefit you in several ways, especially when it comes to your tax-related matters.

  • Posted: Aug 01, 2023
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Having an Enrolled Agent (EA) can benefit you in several ways, especially when it comes to your tax-related matters.

What can an Enrolled Agent Do for You?
Here are some of the key benefits of working with an Enrolled Agent:
*Tax Expertise: Enrolled Agents are licensed by the IRS and have expertise in all areas of taxation. They can help you with tax planning, tax preparation, and tax resolution.
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*Representation: If you are facing an audit or other tax-related issue, an Enrolled Agent can represent you before the IRS. They can help you understand your rights and responsibilities and work to resolve the issue in the most favorable way possible.
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*Communication: Enrolled Agents are skilled at communicating complex tax issues in a way that is easy to understand. They can help you navigate the often-confusing world of taxation and provide you with guidance and advice as needed.
Savings: Working with an Enrolled Agent can help you save money by identifying deductions and credits that you may have overlooked. They can also help you avoid penalties and interest by ensuring that your taxes are filed accurately and on time.
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*Convenience: Enrolled Agents can work with you remotely or in person, depending on your needs. They can also provide you with ongoing support throughout the year, not just during tax season.
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Having an Enrolled Agent on your team can provide you with peace of mind and confidence in knowing that your tax-related matters are being handled by a licensed and experienced professional.
RMS AccountingAll of the tax professionals at RMS Accounting are Enrolled Agents with over 75 years of combined experience helping taxpayers resolve tax problems and to pay the lowest tax allowed by law.
Want to talk to one of your tax professionals just give us a call at 800-382-1040.