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DOS AND DON’TS OF ELECTION CHALLENGES by Rembaum’s Association Roundup

DOS AND DON’TS OF ELECTION CHALLENGES by Rembaum’s Association Roundup

  • Posted: Mar 27, 2024
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DOS AND DON’TS OF ELECTION CHALLENGES

Rembaum’s Association Roundup

Pursuant to their relevant statutory provisions, election disputes that take place in condominium, homeowners’, and cooperative associations are subject to mandatory nonbinding arbitration before the Division of Florida Condominiums, Timeshares, and Mobile Homes (the “Division,” for short). It is referred to as “nonbinding” because the arbitrator’s order is not final until 30 days after its issuance, which provides time for either party in the dispute to challenge the decision to their local circuit court, which hears the case de novo (anew).

As you will read, not every election dispute will be heard by the Division. As a threshold matter of importance, the Division will not hear election disputes within 60 days prior to an election or 60 days after the election has taken place. In order to bring an election challenge, Florida Statutes require prior written notice to the other party of the dispute, where a reasonable opportunity to correct the alleged error is provided, and it is clearly expressed that if the alleged error is not cured, an arbitration action will take place. In a prior arbitration case, it was held that providing only 10 days to cure the alleged defect in a pre-arbitration notice was insufficient. Therefore, it is suggested to provide more than 10 days opportunity to cure the alleged election defect prior to filing an action for arbitration.

Interestingly, the general rule is that to have standing to challenge election results, arbitration action must be brought by a candidate or an individual who was prevented from being a candidate.  The Division has even held that a member who was not a candidate did not have standing to challenge the election results that other persons should have been declared the winning candidates. While these arbitration decisions are not binding precedent, they are instructive and, if nothing else, useful in evaluating the best course of action.

In the context of condominium election challenges, there are three flaws that are typically “fatal” to the association, if committed. They are i) a substantive or serious defect in the first notice of election, ii) the failure to include a timely submitted candidate information sheet in the second notice of election, and iii) failure to include the name of each eligible candidate on the election ballot. While each of these can potentially be timely cured in advance of the election, if not, then they likely lead to a successful election challenge.

For example, failing to mail the notice of election to one or more owners or the failure of the first or second notice of election to accurately state the street address of the meeting have been considered as “fatal” flaws. Also, the failure to include a timely submitted candidate information sheet or failure to include the name of a candidate on the ballot have also been considered as  “fatal” flaws. However, so long as the election is re-noticed from the second notice of election, including all of the candidate and information sheets and/or also including the name of all of the candidates on the ballot, then such fatal flaws can be cured in advance of the election. In these instances there would be no further solicitation of candidates, but rather a rescheduling of the night of the election itself by sending a revised and corrected second notice of election at least 14 days prior to the election which would cure that defect. This amended second notice should clearly state the reason(s) for having to send the corrected notice.

It is important to note that while condominium association elections are strictly construed in accordance with relevant Florida Statutes, homeowners’ association elections occur in accordance with their governing documents. Therefore, whether the above fatal flaws have applicability to a homeowners’ association fully depends upon the style of election set out within the governing documents.

Arbitrators with the Division have held that a new election will have to be scheduled if  in the governing documents there is included a requirement that candidates be full-time residents of the state of Florida or even reside in their unit full time and such requirements were enforced during the election. Therefore, there cannot be a residency requirement of any kind for board members. Similarly, arbitrators have held that associations cannot require candidates to complete a criminal background check or even execute an acknowledgment that they are not a felon.

Contrary to popular belief, the relevant Florida Statutes do not require candidates to be members of a community association in order to run for the board of directors (often, “membership” is defined in the governing documents as being an owner of a parcel within the community). However, such requirements can be set out in the governing documents; but if such a requirement is not in the governing documents, then the board cannot disqualify a potential candidate because he or she is not an owner or member. This means that without such requirements specifically set forth in the governing documents of the association, any non-member, including tenants and occupants, are qualified to run for the board of directors. Therefore, if you desire to avoid such a circumstance, you should consult with legal counsel for your association regarding whether such requirements exist in the governing documents; if not, then you should consider preparing an amendment for the community to approve to ensure that only members who are actual members/owners of the association are qualified to run and serve on the board.

As to the first notice of election, notwithstanding any strict requirements set out in the first notice of election regarding where potential candidates must submit their notice of candidacy, it is not sufficient to exclude a candidate on the basis of the candidate  delivering his or her intent to be a candidate elsewhere so long as it is reasonable to conclude the association actually received notice of such candidate’s intent to run for the board. For example, a specific address could be required to mail the intent to run form, but the fact that a candidate hand-delivered such notice to a board member or manager would likely not be sufficient grounds to exclude the candidate.

Through a variety of arbitration decisions, the arbitrators have made clear that if the violation at hand would not have changed the results of the election, then the challenge will fail. For example, an association that improperly excluded several ballots due to perceived flaws with the outer envelope, which in fact were later held not to be flaws at all and which if counted would not have overturned the otherwise valid election results if the ballots were later included in the total count, would not have changed the result.

In other instances where numerous violations combine to clearly affect the reliability of the election results, then an election challenge may be valid. For example, where unit owners are permitted to cast ballots without inner envelopes, at least one owner was permitted to retrieve his ballot and change it, and nobody verified signatures on the outer ballot envelopes and where at least one unit owner was allowed to cast a ballot after the polls had already closed, then cumulatively the election results were determined to be  no longer reliable and a new election was required.

While the Division has promulgated condominium election rules in the Florida Administrative Code, it has not yet done so for homeowners’ associations. Therefore, the body of condominium arbitration decisions can provide some guidance; but for the most part, when examining homeowners’ association election challenges, the arbitrators are required to consider the significance and totality of violations in their decision-making as to whether to void an election, or not.

At times, for reasons that really do not make any practical sense, some management companies when preparing a homeowners’ association election revert back to the condominium form of election with a first notice, second notice, intent to run, etc. rather than relying on the homeowners’ association governing documents, which have a completely different election style and where voting is by proxy or in person. Also, there are no requirements to declare candidacy in advance of the annual election, meaning a candidate could actually nominate himself or herself from the floor of the meeting on the election day itself. When management companies go on autopilot and use the condominium style of election contrary to the requirements set out in the homeowners’ association governing documents, then the arbitrators will likely require a new election to take place in conformity with the governing documents of the homeowners’ association.

A successful challenge of a homeowners’ association election often rests upon whether the alleged violation affected the outcome of the election. This once again is evidence that unless the alleged violation would have changed the outcome of the election, then the election challenge likely fails even if there were serious irregularities during the election process.

A few odds and ends are worthy of discussion as well. An active board of directors should not use the association’s pulpit for campaigning. Doing so can lead to a successful election challenge. However, an existing board member can certainly campaign on his or her own time and using their own means but not through the association or its website. If the association has not enforced use of voting certificates, then to do so without providing advanced written notice and an opportunity for the owners to comply could invalidate election results. Finally, if a valid election does not occur because either a quorum was not achieved or in the condominium context at least 20 percent of the eligible voters did not cast the ballot, then there is no obligation of the association to try again.

When bringing an election challenge is under consideration, ask yourself if the irregularity would have brought about a change in the outcome of the election. If not, then, think twice about bringing the challenge. In any event, it is worthwhile for an association concerned with its election process to consult with the association’s lawyer for a detailed conversation as to how best to avoid such problems in the future.

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Funding Construction Projects (Loans, Assessments & Reserves)  Presented by Synovus. Course provided & taught by Kaye Bender Rembaum’s Kerstin Henze, Esq.

Funding Construction Projects (Loans, Assessments & Reserves) Presented by Synovus. Course provided & taught by Kaye Bender Rembaum’s Kerstin Henze, Esq.

  • Posted: Mar 27, 2024
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Funding Construction Projects (Loans, Assessments & Reserves)

MARCH 28 | 11am Est | Live via Zoom

Presented by Synovus. Course provided & taught by Kaye Bender Rembaum’s Kerstin Henze, Esq.

If you have difficulty seeing the graphics below, CLICK HERE for details and/or to RSVP.

Funding Construction Projects

Date & Time:   Mar 28, 2024 11:00 AM in 
Hosted by Synovus Bank. Course provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum. Funding Construction Projects (Loans, Assessments and Reserve Spending) Course# 9630148 | Provider# 0005092 | 1 CEU in IFM or ELE Instructor: Kerstin Henze, Esq.
Attendees will learn about the process of funding construction projects. The primary focus of the program is to review with attendees the different sources of funds that may be available to address construction projects and the procedures to be followed to properly utilize those sources of funds. Attendees will learn tips to avoid pitfalls when planning for large projects. Synovus’ community association specialist will be on hand to cover the lending aspects of the seminar.
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CEU course “Navigating the FFHA: Assistance Animal or Pet?” next week on Feb. 20th. Alan Schwartzseid of KBR Legal.com

CEU course “Navigating the FFHA: Assistance Animal or Pet?” next week on Feb. 20th. Alan Schwartzseid of KBR Legal.com

  • Posted: Feb 20, 2024
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We are presenting the CEU course “Navigating the FFHA: Assistance Animal or Pet?” next week on Feb. 20th. Alan Schwartzseid from KBR Legal.com will be the instructor.

Use the link to enroll for free: 

Feb 20, 2024 02:00 PM
Presented by Alan Schwartzseid, Esq., of Kaye Bender Rembaum Learn about the HUD regulations and Florida Legislation pertaining to assistance animals, as well as common issues concerning assistance animals and addressing requests by residents for reasonable accommodations. Provider #: 0005092 | Course #: 9631847 | 1 CE credit in OPP or Elective
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Condo Board Member Cert (Thurs.) Feb. 15th Hosted by GRS Community Management. Course provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum.

Condo Board Member Cert (Thurs.) Feb. 15th Hosted by GRS Community Management. Course provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum.

  • Posted: Feb 14, 2024
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Condo Board Member Cert (Thurs.) Feb. 15th Hosted by GRS Community Management. Course provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum.

February 15 @ 2:00 PM – 4:15 PM

Hosted by GRS Community Management. Course provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum.

If you do not see the graphic below, CLICK HERE to learn more and to RSVP free for

Condominium Board Member Certification on Feb. 15.

WEBINAR: CONDO BOARD MEMBER CERTIFICATION

Presented by GRS Management | Provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum (0005092) | Course # 9630075 | Instructor: Kerstin Henze, Esq.

This webinar covers the essentials of condominium board membership, updated regularly to remain current with legislative amendments to Florida’s Condominium Act. In addition, this webinar satisfies Florida’s requirement for new condominium board members. It also serves as an excellent refresher course. Licensed CAMS will receive two (2) CE credits as IFM or ELE. Kerstin Henze is stepping in for Alan Schwartzseid.

Enroll for free HERE.

 

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THE FEDERAL CORPORATE TRANSPARENCY ACT REQUIREMENTS AFFECTING ALL COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS

THE FEDERAL CORPORATE TRANSPARENCY ACT REQUIREMENTS AFFECTING ALL COMMUNITY ASSOCIATIONS

  • Posted: Jan 26, 2024
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What Every Board Member and Manager Must Know

In January 2021 the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) was enacted by Congress. In 2024 its far-reaching requirements are planned to go into effect. The CTA was adopted by Congress to provide additional transparency in entity structures and ownership in an effort to combat tax fraud, money, laundering, and other illicit activities. It is designed to capture more information about the ownership of specific entities operating in or accessing the United States marketplace. A recent Small Business Administration reports over 27 million small businesses that are considered non-employer firms and thus have no employees. Learning of the beneficial ownership of these entities, Congress hopes to crack down on their misuse. The CTA is particularly targeted to these types of small businesses operating as so called “shell companies.”

By the time you are finished reading this article, each reader should be familiar with some new terms, such as, “FinCen,” and “beneficial owner,” to name just a couple. While the practical enforcement procedures of the CTA are currently unknown, the reason why you must be familiar with the registration and continuing reporting requirements of the CTA is because failure to comply with requirements of the CTA can lead to fines from $500–$10,000 per violation and jail time of up to two years.

While there is little doubt that community associations do not pose a threat for terrorist activity, tax evasion, money laundering, and other illegal activity that is the target of the CTA, sadly, community associations are not currently exempt from the initial registration and continual updating requirements of the CTA. While the CTA requirements for compliance are not particularly difficult, they are onerous and will reveal certain personal information about board members and possibly managers, too. Also, at the present time there does not appear to be any type of exemption from the requirements of the CTA for law enforcement personnel and others who may have gone to extra lengths to keep certain personal information private. However, the CTA does require that this information remains confidential and only used for its intended purposes.

The CTA, amongst its other requirements, requires domestic reporting companies such as corporations, limited liability partnerships, and any other entity, created by the filing of a document with the secretary of state, or any similar office under the laws of the state, to comply with its reporting requirements. This includes community associations as they are organized as a business entity (i.e., a not-for-profit corporation). In addition to providing the information regarding the entity (meaning the association), the CTA requires certain information regarding the association’s “beneficial owners.” A “beneficial owner” is defined, in part, as a person who exercises substantial control of the reporting entity.

Therefore, minimally, according to the CTA, the president and vice president are deemed to “exercise substantial control over the entity” thereby seemingly requiring certain personal information to be provided to the federal “Financial Crimes Enforcement Network” or “FinCen” for short. These beneficial owners must report their name, date of birth, address, unique identifier number, such as a Social Security number, possibly a driver’s license number or passport number, and a photocopy of the non-expired document that evidences such information, too. Whether other officers and directors will be required to similarly provide personal information remains to be seen but it is likely.

Those filing the requisite documents to assist an entity with its compliance with the CTA must provide similar information too. Those qualified to file such documents for corporate entities with FinCen are as follows either:

i) the individual who directly files the document that creates the entity (this could be the attorney that files the articles of incorporation with the state to create the community association corporation); or,

ii) the individual who is primarily responsible for directing or controlling the filing of the relevant document by another (this prong could refer to the authorized individual as directed by the board of directors, such as the attorney, accountant, or management company personnel to file the necessary documentation with FinCen to comply with the CTA).

In addition to the initial compliance requirements, which must be accomplished within 2024 for already existing corporations, reports must also be updated within 30 days of a change to the beneficial ownership, or within 30 days after becoming aware of or having reason to know of inaccurate information previously filed. Under a strict reading of these provisions, this means that every time there is a change in board members and officers, a report of the change must be made to FinCen within 30 days of the event. As mentioned above, failure to comply with requirements of the CTA can lead to fines from $500–$10,000 per violation and jail time of up to two years.

There are procedures set out in the CTA for information sharing among the federal governmental agencies when in relation to terrorist activity and money laundering as well as requirements for compliance with FinCen when it seeks additional information in regard to such matters. The Internal Revenue Service, the Customs and Border Protection agency, and FinCen can all issue summons for purposes of civil enforcement of the CTA. There are even rewards for persons who report on another that lead to recovery of a criminal fine, civil penalty, or forfeiture that exceeds $50,000 where the payment of the reward is limited to 25 percent of the net amount of the fine or $150,000, whichever is less.

Federal community association lobbyists are seeking an amendment to the CTA so that community associations are expressly made exempt and not caught in its web. But, unless that happens, compliance with the CTA is required for Florida’s community associations. Whether such compliance will be performed by the community association‘s attorney, accountant, or manager remains to be seen, and hopefully additional guidance will be provided by the appropriate federal government agencies in the near future. Should you have the opportunity, please reach out to your federal legislators in regard to the need for an exception for community association compliance with the requirements of the CTA.

For those that would like to read up on the CTA, the starting point for the Act itself can be found at 31 U.S.C 5336. This is the CTA-enabling legislation passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by the President that provides lawful authority to executive departments and agencies of the federal government to both adopt and enact, after public notice and hearings, their own laws that have the same force and effect, as if our Congress enacted them. (As an aside in case you ever wondered how our country ended up with so many laws, it is because of this particular process.) Once 31 U.S.C 5336 was enacted into law, the requisite executive departments and agencies of the federal government went to work adopting all sorts of laws to carry out the intent of the enabling legislation. These laws are published in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).   The CTA is set out in section 1010 FCR 380 and is actually called “Reports of Beneficial Ownership Information;” however, its nickname is the “Corporate Transparency Act,” which has a better ring to it. The CTA can be cited to more fully as Part 1010 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Subpart C, section 380. It is a sub-part of CFR Title 31 titled “Money and Finance,” Subtitle B “Regulations Relating to Finance and Money,” Chapter X “Financial Crimes Enforcement Network Department of the Treasury.”

Due to the far reaching aspects of the CTA and its many nuances that could lead to many traps for the unwary, consultation with the association’s attorney and certified public accounting firm should be considered regarding any questions you may have in regard to the CTA, along with its registration and compliance requirements, too.

Read other great articles on:

REMBAUM’S ASSOCIATION ROUNDUP | The Community Association Legal News You Can Use

 

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COURSE: WHAT A CAM MUST KNOW AFTER A PROPERTY LOSS

COURSE: WHAT A CAM MUST KNOW AFTER A PROPERTY LOSS

  • Posted: Jan 22, 2024
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FREE HOT BREAKFAST WITH EDUCATION IN BROWARD

 01/24/2024  7:30 am – 9:30 am
 Galuppis

Address: 1015 N Federal Hwy, Pompano Beach, FL 33062, USA
COURSE: WHAT A CAM MUST KNOW AFTER A PROPERTY LOSS

RSVP Free HERE

  • Course #: 9628960 | Provider #: 0005930 | One CEU in OPP or ELE
  • Delicious hot breakfast will be served and this event is complimentary thanks to the support of our ACE partners.
  • Presented by Water Restoration Group’s Raf Tamecki (Dir. of Field Operations) “What  A CAM Must Know After A Property Loss” offers essential insights into the critical post-property loss procedures that property managers and CAMS need to know. Panelists who will answer related questions include Terri Russo (SouthState Bank) and Andrew Massie (Plastridge Insurance).

 

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WEBINAR: HOA BOARD MEMBER CERTIFICATION

WEBINAR: HOA BOARD MEMBER CERTIFICATION

  • Posted: Jan 22, 2024
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WEBINAR: HOA BOARD MEMBER CERTIFICATION

01/23/2024  2:00 pm – 4:15 pm

Presented by GRS Management | Provided by Kaye Bender Rembaum (0005092) | Course # 9630140 | Instructor: Alan Schwartzseid, Esq.

This webinar covers the essentials of HOA board membership, and is updated regularly to remain current with Florida legislative amendments. In addition, this webinar satisfies Florida’s requirement for new HOA board members. It also serves as an excellent refresher course. Licensed CAMS will receive two (2) CE credits as IFM or ELE.

Enroll for free HERE.

 

A reminder that we have a Condominium Association Board Member Certification webinar coming up Wednesday (Jan. 17) afternoon at 2pm Est. Alan Schwartzseid, Esq. will teach the class. It provides the certification required for new board members

A reminder that we have a Condominium Association Board Member Certification webinar coming up Wednesday (Jan. 17) afternoon at 2pm Est. Alan Schwartzseid, Esq. will teach the class. It provides the certification required for new board members

  • Posted: Jan 16, 2024
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Condominium Association Board Member Certification webinar

Wednesday (Jan. 17) afternoon at 2pm Est.

Alan Schwartzseid, Esq. will teach the class that provides the certification required for new board members.

ALSO offers two (2) IFM credits for licensed CAMS in Florida. Here is the link to enroll for free:This webinar covers the essentials of condominium board membership, and is updated regularly to remain current with legislative amendments to Florida’s Condominium Act. In addition, this webinar satisfies Florida’s requirement for new condominium board members. It also serves as an excellent refresher course. Licensed CAMS will receive two (2) CE credits as IFM or ELE.

https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_umc0gbrIQDuT-pqj0fSWgQ#/registration

A few other events this week.

Condominium Board Member Certification (2 IFM/ELE & Board Cert)

Wednesday, Jan. 17 | 2:00pm Est | Zoom

Enroll for Jan. 17 at 2pm

Electronic Voting & Virtual Meetings with guest Kaye Bender Rembaum

Thursday, Jan. 18 | 12:00pm Est | Luncheon in city of Orlando

Enroll for Jan. 18

Join us Jan 15, 2024 11:00 AM while we discuss the intricacies of employee management in an association

Join us Jan 15, 2024 11:00 AM while we discuss the intricacies of employee management in an association

  • Posted: Jan 14, 2024
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Join us Jan 15, 2024 11:00 AM while we discuss the intricacies of employee management in an association

Employee Management for Boards

Date & Time   Jan 15, 2024 11:00 AM 
Description     Course # 9632457 | Provider # 0009134 | 1 CEU in IFM or Elective Presented and instructed by Leslie Alvarez, PCAM, Community Ace. Guests: Nicole Johnson (Partner, Dir. of Operations; Hafer CPAs & Consultants) and Jeffrey Rembaum, Esq., BCS (Kaye Bender Rembaum).
Managing employees is not an easy task, especially in an association. Board members are not usually experts in human resources. Join us while we discuss the intricacies of employee management in an association. We will cover a review of the actual costs of an employee, costs of turnover, managing performance, ensuring your compensation and benefits is competitive in today’s market, and maintaining a positive work environment.
Florida Legislature to Pass Law Prohibiting Associations From Charging Estoppel Fees

Florida Legislature to Pass Law Prohibiting Associations From Charging Estoppel Fees

  • Posted: Jan 02, 2024
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YOUR ASSESSMENTS ARE ABOUT TO GO UP AGAIN

Act Now Before It IS Too Late!

Of all the subjects I never would have thought I would be writing to you about, it is this: the Florida Legislature is dangerously close to passing legislation that prohibits a Florida community association from charging a fee for the preparation and delivery of an estoppel certificate!!! The text of Senate Bill 278, along with its companion House Bill 979, fully prohibits condominium and homeowners’ associations from being able to charge the requesting party a fee for the preparation of the estoppel certificate. But, however, the professional who assists the association prepare and issue the estoppel, such as the management company and attorney, will now charge the association and not the party who requested the estoppel. This year’s legislative session starts very early, on January 9th. Your legislators need to hear from you that you do not want them to support these bills because they will cause financial harm to your association.

Why should community associations be stuck with the bill for the estoppel? This bill will fully shift the financial responsibility for the estoppel from the buyer or seller right on over to the association. In other words, the association still has to pay its agents, be it the management company or attorney, etc., to prepare the estoppel. At times it takes a lot of work, coordination and effort to timely issue the estoppel, let alone all of the liability that comes along with its issuance.

Since when in the United States of America can the legislature require any of us work for free? Well, it may sound like that because the buyer or seller will not have to pay for the estoppel but we all know in reality, nothing is free. This draconian fee shifting legislation could in a great many cases, if not all, act to increase every homeowner and condominium unit owner’s assessments who live in the community. Preparing estoppels can take significant time, most, especially, if there is a long history of nonpayment associated with the account. Also, existing violations must be taken into account in the estoppel certificate, etc., If the math is wrong, the issuer of the estoppel could end being financially responsible for the shortage, and they could be subject to, amongst others, Federal Fair Debt Collection Practice Act claims due to a mistake. Therefore, there is significant time involved in gathering all of this information, ensuring it is correct, and then issuing the estoppel within the required 10-day business day legislative timeframe. To make a long story short, management companies will have to increase their fees charged to the associations to offset their inability to charge the fee to the requesting party for the estoppel, and thus, every member of your association will have to pay more.

As to any rumors of rare abuse by those charging excessive estoppel fees, there are already safeguards built into the existing legislation which provide for summary legal proceedings that can be brought to compel compliance with the existing estoppel legislation and its financial cap. It even provides for prevailing party attorneys fees.

If you hear that objections to this legislation from management companies and attorneys are because they do not want to lose revenue such is not the case at all. It’s really quite simple: This legislation will fully shift the responsibility for the estoppel fees, from that of the requesting party, to all the owners that already live in the association’s community and who have nothing to do with the transaction at all.

As this is holiday season, if this passes into law, what a horrible gift that would be. To prevent this legislation from becoming law, please reach out to your legislators and let them know that you object to Senate Bill 278 and House bill 979.

HERE is a link to the SB 278.


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Join KBR for “Covenant Enforcement for HOAs and Condominiums”. Managers will receive one CEU in the OPP category. Dec. 13th at 11:30am, live on Zoom.

Join KBR for “Covenant Enforcement for HOAs and Condominiums”. Managers will receive one CEU in the OPP category. Dec. 13th at 11:30am, live on Zoom.

  • Posted: Dec 13, 2023
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Join KBR for “Covenant Enforcement for HOAs and Condominiums”. Managers will receive one CEU in the OPP category. Dec. 13th at 11:30am, live on Zoom.

Register NOW.

Covenant Enforcement for HOAs and Condominiums

Dec 13, 2023 11:30 AM 
Description
Course #: 9630145
Instructor: Kerstin Henze, Esq.
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