The future of cities:  How are public space and social life going to change with Covid-19?

The future of cities:  How are public space and social life going to change with Covid-19?

The Covid-19 crisis will bring big social consequences, which will radically change both our human relations and the spaces these inhabit. As the concentrated manifestation of the contemporary world they are, cities are going to be hit by this shifting paradigm.

Urban spaces will have to readjust their design and their infrastructures to the new reality. Also our social interactions will change. We will no longer have so much interaction with others when we go out. Some cultures –the warmest ones– will even have to change more dramatically. We wonder: What will happen with the two or three kisses, traditional in some Southern European countries? Or with the shake of hands, used in Anglosaxon cultures? This situation of “physical distance” will lead us to develop a more virtual life, where online platforms will become, even more, the new public sphere.

How is the future in our cities going to be? How is this crisis going to transform our public space and social life in cities? We do not know yet. The only thing we can do right now is to assess what is happening and learn from the outcomes in order to make cities better in the future.

1 | Bringing People Together but Keeping Them Apart

A big part of urban planning’s history has consisted of managing our way out of infectious diseases and pandemics. Today, Covid-19 is challenging urbanization again, re-opening the debate regarding which city model is preferable: urban sprawl or urban densification. While densely populated and hyper-connected cities are more efficient and sustainable, they can amplify pandemic risk of transmission.

Thus, cities –especially densely populated ones– will need to create and adapt public environments and infrastructures to be livable, safe, agile and adaptable. Hence, tactical urbanism –short-term, low-cost, and scalable interventions– can play a big role in shaping and implementing pilot projects. Likewise, community involvement is essential as it allows for the acquisition of local knowledge while ensuring public compliance with policy decisions.

2 | Adapting Urban Environments to New Necessities

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, both urban facilities —public transport, leisure, shops, etc.— and public spaces will have to adapt so all preventive measures are fulfilled. 

Indoors, regulations will be more rigorous: cleaning and disinfection will be done with higher frequency, new measures such as hand sanitizers use or shoe sole cleaning will be implemented, and their capacity will need to be reduced to comply with physical distancing. Additionally, protective equipment —masks, gloves, screens, sensors, etc.— and access control methods will be installed to avoid any risk of transmission and infection.

3 | Housing as a Right & Multifunctionality as a Must

Stay-at-home policies are exacerbating inequalities as large parts of the worldwide population live in slums or do not have a home at all. To top it off, common places to find shelter or bathrooms —libraries, gyms— are closed. Consequently, as the coronavirus spreads, these groups are the most vulnerable.

This leads to the conclusion that, after Covid-19, the design of indoor environments will have to change. If people are to spend more time indoors, homes will need to accommodate more uses. Apartments will have to be properly ventilated and better lit in order to improve living conditions and avoid entirely sealed buildings recirculating pathogens through their systems. Shared spaces will need to be rethought as well. 

4 | Adjusting Everyday Life to the “New Normal”

The pandemic affected almost every aspect of people’s life, and at the moment, going back to old habits does not seem a possible scenario. So what will the “new normality” look like?

Local and international mobility will be monitored and controlled, while cities are already trying to reorganize flows, reschedule working and school activities to avoid concentrations during rush hour. We will have to get used to new routines and social behaviors, which could radically change our way to use the public space.

The psychological effects of stay-at-home policies and physical distancing will be strong, especially in those cultures where gatherings and open-air activities are at the core of social life. Everything considered normal until a few months ago could dramatically change, not only because of the new rules and restrictions, but also because of people’s fear to physically interact with others.

5 | Physically Apart but More Connected than Ever?

The “new normal” will also have a direct effect on the use of urban spaces, in a context where there will be a drastic shift from developing social life outdoors to being more confined. A higher consumption of Internet-based activities (online shopping, telemedicine, macro-events, arts and leisure, etc.) will become more usual. Despite the big challenges this shift will bring, it also represents an opportunity for all these activities to reinvent themselves by means of innovation and new technologies. 

The counterside of this new virtual life’s technological high dependence will widen social inequality. As not everyone counts with appropriate Internet connection and digital devices, this crisis is an opportunity to rethink the future feasibility of telematic education and work models improvised during quarantine. In the applicability to the “new normal”, it will be essential to set up regulations that guarantee social inclusion.

6 | Building More Resilient Communities

The health crisis has clearly revealed the vulnerabilities of the most disadvantaged groups. The need to respond to their necessities during the lockdown has demonstrated to be even more pressing than before. Many municipalities developed plans to support low-income families, elders or precarious workers, but at the same time bottom-up mobilization of neighbors’ associations and self-managed organizations revealed to be very important assets for local communities.
 
Nevertheless, as the lockdown ends, the structural socioeconomic problems that the coronavirus has revealed will stay. This demonstrates the importance of establishing safe ways to assist elderly people and to protect precarious workers or domestic caregivers, as well as supporting parents in reconciling their professional and personal life. Achieving this will represent a major step towards a more resilient society.

Social inequalities and class differences have manifested more obviously – with “essential” workers having to go out to work; housing conditions being very different for everyone during the confinement or the impossibility to access new technologies for several social groups. Issues that have made even more clear the fact that we live in an unequal society that is susceptible to collapse in front of any crisis.

If in the last decades the way how governments and corporations gather data from individuals for Big Data purposes has been on the agenda of all discussions, the Covid-19 crisis will widen the debate. The need for more discipline and new regulations can inevitably lead towards a situation of social control. In this new context, there will be a need to find a balance between establishing safety, health and well-being for everyone, but respecting the individual and collective freedom at the same time.

However, despite the impact Covid-19 is going to have in cities, we should really consider this crisis as an opportunity to rethink our cities and create more resilient communities and livable environments.

By Cristina Garrido, Eleonora Giorgi, Anna Gonzàlez & Mireia Tuduri